Suchergebnisse

The spread of novel coronavirus COVID-19 has resulted in global pandemics, which was followed by an abrupt economic crisis, as economies stood still in order to overcome the threat to people's lives. In this bulletin, we overview the readiness to the healthcare and economic crisis, the evolution of the pandemic and characteristics of the lockdown for the six countries in the Black Sea Region.

This publication is devoted to the natural feature - the Black Sea and its littoral states. At the same time the Azov Sea is also considered here. This region is the focus of many geopolitical, economic, social and environmental issues that involve not only the countries coming out to the Black and Azov Seas, but other world countries, too.This publication contains over 1500 articles and terms providing descriptions of geographical and oceanographic features, cities, ports, transport routes, marine biological resources, international treaties, national and international programs, research institutions, historical and archaeological monuments, activities of prominent scientists, researchers, travelers, military commanders, etc. who had relation to the Black Sea.It includes a multi-century chronology of the events that became the outstanding milestones in the history of development of the Black Sea - Azov Sea region.

The Black Sea is a vital strategic crossroads between Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East. Comprising at least ten countries, with diverse religious, cultural, political and economic backgrounds, the region was shaped historically by centuries of conflict between the Ottoman and Russian empires, and in the 20th century by the rise and dramatic collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent post-Cold War emergence of newly independent states. The region faces emerging security challenges of major international strategic interest, not least because 80% of all Russian gas destined for Europe transits through the Black Sea states. The nexus for unresolved territorial conflicts which have led to the establishment of intractable guerrilla regimes, the region is also a hotbed of illicit trafficking in counterfeit goods, drugs, weapons and radioactive material from discarded former Soviet facilities. This book expands on the proceedings and subsequent contributions resulting from a NATO workshop held at Oxford University. The workshop on Black Sea security cooperation brought together key government and private sector stakeholders in the region. The first part of the book covers the security challenges to the Black Sea region. The second part looks at the prospects for shaping a new security architecture in the region, highlighting various regional law enforcement and counter-trafficking cooperation initiatives and proposing a range of technical security cooperation solutions to the ongoing challenges. The final part of the book offers perspectives on the South Ossetia conflict.

1. Maritime power in the Black Sea -- 2. Turkey's maritime power in the Black Sea -- 3. Russia's maritime power in the Black Sea -- 4. Ukraine's maritime power in the Black Sea -- 5. Georgia's maritime power in the Black Sea -- 6. Romania's maritime power in the Black Sea -- 7. Bulgaria's maritime power in the Black Sea.

The Black Sea region lies at the crossroads of major oil and gas export streams to the Mediterranean and Western Europe. Energy projects in the Caspian states depend vitally on the possibility of moving oil and gas out of the region. The Black Sea and its riparian states form a vital transit route.This is the first study of the Black Sea region as a whole, its energy needs and how future oil and gas transport in the region could develop. The Black Sea Energy Survey complements the previous IEA study on Caspian Oil and Gas. It reviews the energy policies and sectors of seven countries with diverse energy situations

The Black Sea is a vital strategic crossroads between Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East. Comprising at least ten countries, with diverse religious, cultural, political and economic backgrounds, the region was shaped historically by centuries of conflict between the Ottoman and Russian empires, and in the 20th century by the rise and dramatic collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent post-Cold War emergence of newly independent states. The region faces emerging security challenges of major international strategic interest, not least because 80% of all Russian gas destined for Europ.

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES IN THE BLACK SEA REGION HAVE BROUGHT TURKISH PRESIDENT TURGUT OZAL'S VISION OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL COOPERATION IN THE REGION CLOSER TO FULFILMENT. THE DIVISIONS AND CONFRONTATIONS THAT WERE SO COMMON IN THE PAST--LARGELY A RESULT OF THE COLD WAR--ARE BEING REPLACED BY AN UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE AND DIALOGUE. THE EMERGENCE OF COMMONLY SHARED VALUES, SUCH AS DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND FREE ENTERPRISE, HAS CREATED FAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOR ALL NATIONS TO EMBARK UPON NEW FORMS OF PARTNERSHIP AND COOPERATION. IN THE ECONOMIC SPHERE, A SET OF COMPLEX FACTORS--REVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS IN COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES; INCREASED MOBILITY OF INDIVIDUALS, GOODS, SERVICES, AND CAPITAL; DIFFUSION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY; AND THE GLOBALIZATION OF MARKETS--HAS RESULTED IN AN INTERDEPENENCE POSITIED AS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAST DECADE. GIVEN THESE CONDITIONS, TURKEY PUT FORTH THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC COOPERATION PROJECT WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOPING AND DIVERSIFYING EXISTING ECONOMIC RELATIONS AMONG THE BLACK SEA COUNTRIES BY MAKING EFFICIENT USE OF THE ADVANTAGES ARISING FROM THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL PROXIMITY, THEIR TRADITIONAL TIES, AND THE COMPLIMENTARY NATURE OF THEIR ECONOMIES.

Georgia is often discussed in relation to various economic or geographic coalitions or areas. One such area of significant economic, social, and political potential is the Black Sea region. For this publication, the Black Sea region is defined as all of the countries which border the Black Sea. In this, the first issue of the publication, the main focus of discussion is individual and inter-regional external trade, offering an insight into how open an economy is to external trade, how dependent it is on external trade and helping us to identify the economic ties among the involved countries.